Calculation method & boundaries
HVAC: electricity = cooling demand / cooling COP + heating demand / heating COP + extra auxiliaries.
Generation: net output = gross output × (1 − auxiliary share).
Displaced grid electricity = minimum(net output, electricity use to be served).
Project grid electricity = baseline electricity use − displaced electricity + extra imports.
Scenario emissions = grid electricity × grid factor + other emissions.
Reduction = baseline emissions − project emissions.
All energy inputs are annual. MWhₜₕ denotes thermal energy; MWhₑ denotes electricity. The same grid factor applies to both scenarios. Negative reductions are displayed as increases. Percentage change is undefined when baseline emissions are zero.
HVAC modes compare equal useful heating and cooling services and cover the selected systems only, not whole-building performance or green-building certification. Agriculture mode applies to an equivalent thermal service; it is not a model of crop yield, evaporative cooling or passive earth–air systems. Generation modes assume no additional fuel or upstream production is induced by the project; quantify such changes separately if present.
Construction, drilling, equipment manufacture, full supply chains, crediting leakage and broader life-cycle effects are excluded. This simplified comparison is neither a complete GHG inventory nor a carbon-credit methodology. Do not sum overlapping scenarios or claim reductions already allocated to another party. Shared heat and power outputs require a separate allocation assessment.
General accounting reference: GHG Protocol Scope 2 Guidance ↗. Project crediting requires separate eligibility and methodology review.